Chemistry simulations
37 interactive Chemistry simulations for ages 11–18, grouped by topic.
Atomic Structure & Periodic Table
- Chemistry · Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Periodic table structure – cells, periods and groups An interactive periodic table: click a cell to see its atomic number, electron configuration, period and group, and its s/p/d block.... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Electron Configuration – Atoms Z = 1–36 Pick an element on the mini periodic table and watch its electrons fill the shells (Bohr model) and orbital boxes according to the... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Periodic trends (atomic radius, electronegativity, ionisation energy) The first 36 elements of the periodic table are shaded or sized by atomic radius, Pauling electronegativity, first ionisation energy, or... Ages 15–16
Chemical Bonding
Reactions & Redox
- Chemistry · Reactions & Redox Balancing redox equations – the electron balance method Step by step: assign oxidation numbers to each element, find which ones gain or lose electrons, write the oxidation and reduction... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Reactions & Redox 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O – sparking a hydrogen explosion A mixture of H₂ and O₂ gas in a flask does not react at room temperature. Click Ignite (or tap the flask): the spark supplies energy,... Ages 13–14
Energetics & Thermodynamics
- Chemistry · Energetics & Thermodynamics Reaction energy diagram – exothermic vs endothermic An enthalpy diagram plots the reaction path: reactants climb over the activation-energy barrier Ea, then drop to the product level... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Energetics & Thermodynamics Gibbs free energy – when a reaction turns spontaneous Whether a reaction proceeds spontaneously is decided by the sign of ΔG = ΔH − TΔS. Pick a reaction (limestone calcination, NH₃... Ages 15–16
Kinetics & Equilibrium
- Chemistry · Kinetics & Equilibrium Chemical equilibrium – N₂O₄ ⇌ 2NO₂ shift A sealed flask holds the equilibrium N₂O₄ (colorless) ⇌ 2NO₂ (reddish-brown). Change the temperature or compress/expand the flask, then... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Kinetics & Equilibrium Reaction rate – collision model (concentration, temperature, catalyst, surface area) Gas particle A collides with solid B (block or powder); only collisions with enough activation energy form product C. The graph of C... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Kinetics & Equilibrium Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ A reaction vessel holds N₂ and H₂ molecules; once running, they collide and gradually convert to NH₃ until equilibrium is reached. Drag... Ages 16–17
Acids, Bases & Titration
Electrochemistry
- Chemistry · Electrochemistry Electrochemical corrosion of metals (Fe–Cu, Fe–Zn, Fe–Sn) and sacrificial protection An iron bar is placed in contact with another metal in NaCl solution, distilled water, dilute acid or dry air: the metal with the lower... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Electrochemistry Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions with Inert Electrodes Electrolyse an aqueous solution of CuSO₄, NaCl or Na₂SO₄ using graphite electrodes. The simulation shows which species is actually... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Electrochemistry Galvanic cells and electrolysis – standard electrode potentials Galvanic cell mode: two metal electrodes sit in solutions of their own salts, joined by a wire and a salt bridge; electrons flow through... Ages 17–18
Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemistry · Inorganic Chemistry Group 17 halogens – color, state and oxidizing power Pick F₂, Cl₂, Br₂ or I₂ and drag the temperature slider: the vessel shows the element's real color and physical state at that... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Inorganic Chemistry Complex ion formation constants – stepwise ligand binding A ligand does not replace all the water molecules at once; it attaches to the metal ion one step at a time, each step with its own... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Inorganic Chemistry Group 1/2 flame colors and water hardness treatment Flame test mode: hold a salt sample of Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr or Ba in the burner flame, watch the flame turn the characteristic color, and... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Inorganic Chemistry Halide ions – identification with AgNO₃ Add AgNO₃ solution to samples of NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI. The simulation shows the correct precipitate colour for each (white AgCl, pale... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Inorganic Chemistry Transition Metal Complexes – Color, Coordination Number, and Geometry A beaker holds the aqua complex of a transition metal ion (Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺) in its real color. Drag the... Ages 17–18
Organic Chemistry
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Alcohol classification and the reactions of alcohols and phenol Choose ethanol (primary), propan-2-ol (secondary), 2-methylpropan-2-ol (tertiary) or phenol: the simulation draws the structural... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Fractional distillation of crude oil Crude oil is heated and fed into a fractionating tower: short-chain hydrocarbons with low boiling points rise to the top, while... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry SN1 and SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms Substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes can follow two pathways: the one-step SN2, where the nucleophile attacks from behind as the... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Preparing Banana Oil (Isoamyl Acetate) – Rate, Catalyst and Yield Heat acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol to prepare banana oil, tracking how much ester forms minute by minute. Toggle concentrated H₂SO₄... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Reversible Esterification and the Silver Mirror Test Esterification mode: a carboxylic acid and an alcohol meet in a test tube with concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst; ester and water molecules... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry 3D Hydrocarbon Models – Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Benzene, and Br₂ Addition Ball-and-stick (or space-filling) models of methane, ethane, propane, butane, 2-methylpropane, ethylene, propene, acetylene, and benzene... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Organic compound separation – distillation, extraction, and TLC Three familiar techniques in a single simulation. Distillation: heat a liquid mixture and the thermometer holds steady at the boiling... Ages 16–17
Biomolecules & Polymers
- Chemistry · Biomolecules & Polymers Amino acids: ionic forms with pH, isoelectric point and peptide bonds In ion mode, drag the pH slider from 0 to 14 and watch the amino acid's structure change instantly — a cation in acid, a zwitterion near... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Biomolecules & Polymers Carbohydrates: structure, hydrolysis and identification reactions Choose glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch or cellulose, and the simulation draws the matching number of linked rings (one ring, two... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Biomolecules & Polymers Addition polymerisation: monomers joining into a polymer chain (PE, PP, PVC, PTFE, PS) Monomer molecules with a C=C double bond (ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, styrene) move freely; as... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Biomolecules & Polymers Fat saponification and how soap micelles clean Saponification mode: a fat molecule (a glycerol backbone plus three fatty-acid residues) is cut by OH⁻ ions at its three ester bonds,... Ages 17–18
Applied & Practical Chemistry
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Chemistry 10 Special Topics – thermodynamics, fire safety, computing Three Chemistry 10 special topics in one sim, selected with the topic parameter. Chemical thermodynamics: change the temperature to see... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Chemistry 11 Special Topics – fertilizers, esterification, petroleum Three Chemistry 11 special topics in one sim, selected with the topic parameter. Fertilizers: choose a fertilizer type and the amount... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Grade 12 Chemistry – Reaction Mechanisms, Titration & Complex Ions Three Grade 12 chemistry topics in one model, selected with the topic parameter. The reaction mechanisms tab animates the SN2 and SN1... Ages 17–18
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Fertilizer – dose, yield and nutrient loss Choose a fertilizer (urea, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, KCl) and a dose per hectare. The simulation converts it to the actual... Ages 16–17
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Fire safety – the fire triangle and explosive limits A fire only sustains itself when three elements are all present: fuel, oxygen and heat. Choose a gas (methane, LPG, hydrogen), then... Ages 15–16
- Chemistry · Applied & Practical Chemistry Sensor data logging – graphing, smoothing, and calculating ΔH A temperature sensor records a salt dissolving in water over time. Adjust the mass of salt, the sampling rate, and the sensor noise to... Ages 15–16
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