Analog electronics – rectification, filtering and transistor amplification

Design & TechnologyElectronics & MicrocontrollersAges 17–18

Three basic analog electronic circuits on one screen: half-wave rectification with a single diode, full-wave bridge rectification with four diodes, and a transistor amplifier stage. Graphs plot the sinusoidal input voltage and the rectified output voltage; drag the filter capacitor to see the DC output ripple smooth out, and drag the load resistor to see the ripple increase as the load current grows. In amplifier mode, increasing the gain or the input signal amplitude too far clips (distorts) the output signal.